Unit 1: While one cannot turn a blind eye to plagiarism, it would be fatuous to assume that detection alone can solve the problem.
While (让步: 尽管)turn a blind eye to (忽视)fatuous (愚蠢的)
译文：尽管我们不能对剽窃视而不见，但如果认为仅靠检测就能解决问题，则是愚蠢的。
Unit 3: A steady succession of shootings has kept the cause in the news.
Steady succession (接连不断)Keep sth in the news (持续成为新闻焦点)
译文：接连不断的枪击事件使这一事业（控枪）持续成为新闻焦点。
Unit 4: Imposition of the death penalty is extraordinarily rare.
Imposition (实施/强加)Extraordinarily (极其/非凡地)
译文：死刑的实施是极其罕见的。
Unit 4: Contributing to the occurrence of wrongful convictions is the problem of systemic discrimination based on race, class, or social status.
[倒装句] 正常语序: The problem of... is contributing to...
译文：导致错误定罪发生的一个原因是基于种族、阶级或社会地位的系统性歧视问题。
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万能开头
In contemporary society, the question of whether [Topic] should be encouraged or restricted has generated widespread discussion. While some argue that..., others contend that...
高分论证句型 (主体段)
From a legal and ethical perspective, ... (从法律和伦理角度看)
What deserves closer examination is whether ... (值得进一步审视的是...)
Take [Example] as a case in point. (以...为例)
强力反驳句 (必加分)
Admittedly, [Opposing View]... However, this argument is flawed/untenable because... It overlooks the fact that...
稳妥结尾
In sum, while the issue is complex, a cautious and balanced approach is preferable to extreme solutions. Therefore, measures should be taken to...